What was the lecturer clearly differentiating between?

The correct answer identifies the lecturer's intent to make a clear distinction between science and technology, which are closely related yet fundamentally different fields. Science involves the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation, building theories and knowledge about how things work. In contrast, technology applies scientific knowledge for practical purposes, creating tools, systems, and solutions to meet human needs.

Understanding this differentiation is crucial as it highlights the role of science as a foundation for technological innovation while also signaling that technology is reliant on but distinct from pure scientific inquiry. This separation is significant in discussions about education, policies, and the impact of technological advancements on society, as it emphasizes the methodological and philosophical differences between theoretical understanding and practical application. The other options do not capture this specific relationship as accurately, as they either compare different domains or do not reflect the clear framework of inquiry that characterizes the science-technology interplay.